{"id":90533,"date":"2020-05-23T11:30:45","date_gmt":"2020-05-23T09:30:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/manueldelia.com\/?p=90533"},"modified":"2020-05-23T11:31:43","modified_gmt":"2020-05-23T09:31:43","slug":"il-gurnalizma-u-d-demokrazija","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/manueldelia.com\/mt\/2020\/05\/il-gurnalizma-u-d-demokrazija\/","title":{"rendered":"Il-\u0121urnali\u017cmu u d-demokrazija"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dan hu test ta’ pre\u017centazzjoni li tajt il-biera\u0127 waqt webinar organizzat minn Repubblika.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Il-Kostituzzjoni ta\u2019 Malta tg\u0127id li \u201c\u0127add ma g\u0127andu ji\u0121i mfixkel fit-tgawdija tal-libert\u00e0 tieg\u0127u ta\u2019 espressjoni, mag\u0127duda libert\u00e0 li jkollu fehmiet ming\u0127ajr ind\u0127il, u libert\u00e0 li jir\u010bievi idejat u tag\u0127rif ming\u0127ajr ind\u0127il.\u201d<\/p>\n

Dan hu l-artiklu 41 li jitfa\u2019 dawl fuq i\u017c-\u017cew\u0121 na\u0127at tal-libert\u00e0 tal-espressjoni: id-dritt ma jag\u0127milx sens jekk hu one-way traffic. Dan mhux dritt li qieg\u0127ed hemm biex jag\u0127ti xi privile\u0121\u0121i lil dawk li ja\u0127dmu fil-media u li jikkomunikaw. Dan hu dritt li qieg\u0127ed hemm biex jassigura li kul\u0127add ikun jista\u2019 jir\u010bievi l-informazzjoni: hu allura dritt li jmiss lil kull \u010bittadin, anke dak li jag\u0127mel g\u0127omru sieket, li qatt ma jrid jg\u0127id xejn.<\/p>\n

Id-dritt tal-kelma \u0127ielsa hu d-dritt li tkun taf, li tkun infurmat. Dan jag\u0127mlu wie\u0127ed mill-aktar drittijiet importanti mid-drittijiet kollha g\u0127ax jekk l-awtorit\u00e0 jirnexxielha tnessi d-dritt tal-kelma \u0127ielsa, fis-silenzju li jkun hemm tkun tista\u2019 tnessik id-drittijiet l-o\u0127ra kollha.<\/p>\n

Kemm hu rispettat illum d-dritt g\u0127all-informazzjoni tieg\u0127ek? \u0126a nag\u0127ti 14-il ra\u0121uni li jg\u0127idu li mhux:<\/p>\n

L-Ewwel\u00a0Punt: il-li\u0121ijiet tal-libell f\u2019Malta qed ji\u0121u w\u017cati mill-politi\u010bi b\u2019mod tattiku biex isikktu lill-\u0121urnalisti. Ikkunsidra l-kaw\u017ci li \u010beda Chris Cardona kontra Daphne Caruana Galizia g\u0127ax kienet se to\u0127ro\u0121 il-verit\u00e0. Dan l-episodju b\u0127al \u0127afna o\u0127rajn were li l-politi\u010bi li jibdew kaw\u017ci ta\u2019 libell biex jippruvaw isikktu, veri kemm ikunu veri l-allegazzjonijiet li huma jg\u0127idu li mmalafamawhom.<\/p>\n

M\u2019g\u0127andniex xi ng\u0127idu, fihom innifishom meta jsiru dawn il-kaw\u017ci fierg\u0127a, il-pubbliku ma jag\u0127tix kredibilit\u00e0 lill-allegazzjonijiet li l-politiku jg\u0127id huma biss gideb anke meta jaf li huma veri.<\/p>\n

It-Tieni\u00a0Punt: il-li\u0121ijiet tag\u0127na dwar id-diffamazzjoni, bl-emendi li saru b\u2019kollox, kif ukoll l-kotra l-kbira tas-sentenzi dwar libell li nqatg\u0127u mill-qrati tag\u0127na ma jaqblu xejn mal-kultura Ewropea dwar il-libert\u00e0 tal-kelma u x\u2019aktarx li fil-bi\u010b\u010ba l-kbira tag\u0127hom ji\u0121u m\u0127assra mill-Qorti Ewropea tad-Drittijiet tal-Bniedem.<\/p>\n

It-tielet: alleati tal-gvern g\u0127a\u017clu li jag\u0127mlu libelli barra \u2018l pajji\u017c biex isikktu lill-\u0121urnalisti. Lili tas-Satabank heddewni b\u2019libelli fir-Renju Unit u \u0121ieg\u0127luni nwarrab storja li mal-medda ta\u017c-\u017cmien \u0121ie pruvat li kienet vera. Sena u nofs wara fet\u0127uli libell fil-Bulgarija.<\/p>\n

Tal-Pilatus Bank kienu g\u0127amlu kaw\u017ca ta\u2019 libell f\u2019Arizona ta\u2019 $40 miljun lil Daphne Caruana Galizia: kaw\u017ca li setg\u0127et irrovinatha finanzjarjament, kienu x\u2019setg\u0127u kienu d-danni li setg\u0127u \u0121ew likwidati.<\/p>\n

Kaw\u017ci b\u0127al dawn \u2013 mag\u0127rufa b\u0127ala kaw\u017ci SLAPP \u2013 jistg\u0127u ji\u0121u evitati u l-\u0121urnalisti jistg\u0127u ji\u0121u m\u0127arsa permezz ta\u2019 li\u0121ijiet li l-gvern irrifjuta anki li jikkunsidra.<\/p>\n

Ir-Raba\u2019 Punt: ir-riskju li jsiru dawn il-pro\u010beduri f\u2019Malta u lil hinn minnha jnissel element ta\u2019 bi\u017ca\u2019 li jwassal biex il-\u0121urnalisti ma jibqg\u0127ux \u0127ielsa li jxandru dak li jkun jixtiequ jxandru. Bl-Ingli\u017c dan isejj\u0127ulu \u201cchilling effect\u201d li jin\u0127ass biss jekk wie\u0127ed i\u017comm ru\u0127u \u2018l bog\u0127od mis-setta Tag\u0127na Lkoll.<\/p>\n

Il-\u0126ames\u00a0Punt:\u00a0\u0121urnalisti indipendenti li jirfsu fuq il-kallijiet tal-partiti politi\u010bi jsibu ma\u2019 wi\u010b\u010bhom attakk fero\u010bi minn trolls koordinati u m\u0127allsa mill-partiti nfushom. M\u2019g\u0127andniex xi ng\u0127idu, \u0127add m\u2019g\u0127adda minn dak li g\u0127addiet minnu Daphne Caruana Galizia f\u2019dawk li huma tg\u0127ajjir, theddid kiefer u demonizzar. Madankollu, mal-medda ta\u017c-\u017cmien u\u0127ud minna qeg\u0127din iduqu xi ftit minn dak li kienet g\u0127addiet minnu hi.<\/p>\n

Is-Sitt Punt: il-partiti jidher li jqisu lill-\u0121urnalisti li jikkritikawhom b\u0127ala mira le\u0121ittima. Ta\u0127t l-isku\u017ca ta\u2019 \u0121urnali\u017cmu u a\u0127barijiet, il-mezzi tax-xandir tag\u0127hom ju\u017cawhom biex ji\u017colaw, jintimidaw u jiskreditaw lill-kriti\u010bi tag\u0127hom ming\u0127ajr ma jiddistingwu bejn politi\u010bi avversarji u \u0121urnalisti indipendenti li xog\u0127olhom hu appuntu li jikkritikaw. Dawn ma j\u0127abblu rashom xejn meta jg\u0127aww\u0121u l-fatti u litteralmet ji\u0121ru warajhom fit-toroq bil-kamera li, minn g\u0127odda tal-\u0121urnali\u017cmu u tal-informazzjoni, issir arma ta\u2019 oppressjoni politika.<\/p>\n

Is-Seba\u2019 Punt: il-kameras b\u0127ala g\u0127odda ta\u2019 oppressjoni politika jintu\u017caw mhux biss fuq il-\u0121urnalisti waqt il-qadi ta\u2019 dmirijiethom i\u017cda wkoll fuq il-poplu. Dawk li jattendu l-protesti jew dawk li g\u0127al xi ra\u0121uni l-awtoritajiet ma jarawhomx \u0127elwin, isiru mira le\u0121ittima tas-setg\u0127ana permezz tal-kameras f\u2019idejn l-a\u0121enti tal-partit jew tal-istat. Ju\u017caw ritratti ta\u2019 persuni mag\u0127rufa bil-g\u0127an li ji\u017c\u017cufjettaw bihom jew biex jheddulhom \u0127ob\u017chom. Jew inkella ipattuhielhom fuq il-post tax-xog\u0127ol u j\u010ba\u0127\u0127duhom minn kuntratti pubbli\u010bi u minn drittijiet basi\u010bi amministrattivi.<\/p>\n

It-Tmin Punt:\u00a0il-protesti ji\u0121u ma\u0127nuqa. Spi\u010b\u010ba \u017c-\u017cmien tal-g\u0127oti tax-xebg\u0127at f\u2019xi \u010bella. Minflok rajna f\u2019dawn l-a\u0127\u0127ar sentejn lill-gvern ju\u017ca ri\u017corsi pubbli\u010bi biex minnufih jitne\u0127\u0127ew sinjali ta\u2019 protesta b\u0127alma huma banners, billboards, posters \u2013 sa\u0127ansitra anki xemg\u0127at u fjuri \u2013 li jwasslu messa\u0121\u0121 ta\u2019 protesta. Bl-isku\u017ca tar-regolamenti tal-ippjanar, spazji fuq billboards li jintu\u017caw biex iwasslu messa\u0121\u0121 politiku, jitne\u0127\u0127ew minnufih: metodu ie\u0127or ta\u2019 \u010bensura.<\/p>\n

Id-Disa\u2019 Punt: \u0121urnalisti jing\u0127ataw a\u010b\u010bess g\u0127all-Ministru skond kemm dawn ikunu lesti li jibqg\u0127u lura milli jirfsulu l-kallijiet bil-mistoqsijiet tag\u0127hom. Minn dakinhar li intervistah John Sweeney, Joseph Muscat meta kien prim ministru baqa\u2019 jirrifjuta talbiet g\u0127al intervisti minn \u0121urnalisti internazzjonali. Issa li Robert Abela \u0127adlu postu qed naraw kontinwit\u00e0 ta\u2019 dik it-tattika. Sistematikament qed jevita l-battibekki mal-\u0121urnalisti u, f\u2019dawk li ma jkunx jista\u2019 ja\u0127rab minnhom, iwie\u0121eb b\u2019mod trivjali u pwerili.<\/p>\n

L-G\u0127axar\u00a0Punt:\u00a0f\u2019Malta, b\u2019differenza g\u0127all-bqija tad-dinja demokratika, \u0127afna \u0121urnalisti huma impjegati mal-partiti politi\u010bi u dan iservi biex l-interessi tal-partiti politi\u010bi u tal-gvern jing\u0127ataw prijorit\u00e0 fuq interessi o\u0127ra. L-Istitut tal-\u0120urnalisti Maltin huwa frott ta\u2019 din is-sitwazzjoni li qieg\u0127da therri s-solidarjet\u00e0 professjonali li ssa\u0127\u0127a\u0127 is-sinjifikat u l-influwenza tal-\u0121urnali\u017cmu indipendenti. G\u0127alkemm ma nkunx \u0121ust jekk ma ninnutax li dan l-a\u0127\u0127ar sar ftit progress.<\/p>\n

Il-\u0126dax-il Punt: Permezz tar-riklamar, il-gvern jonfoq direttament jew indirettament permezz tal-konsulenzi jew kuntratti tax-xandir pubbliku u dan ji\u0121\u0121enera \u010berti dipendenzi u lealtajiet li j\u0121ieg\u0127luhom jag\u0127mlu l-kompromessi meta ji\u0121u biex jirrappurtaw dwar attivitajiet tal-gvern. Tg\u0127id il-fatt li Saviour Balzan huwa marbut b\u2019kuntratt biex jag\u0127mel programm fuq TVM darba fil-\u0121img\u0127a b\u2019xi mod jeffettwalu \u017c-\u017celu li g\u0127andu biex jattakka l-kriti\u010bi tal-gvern li jimpjegah?<\/p>\n

It-Tnax-il Punt: il-whistle-blowers qed ji\u0121u intimidati sistematikament bir-ri\u017cultat li g\u0127ejjun jew g\u0127ejjun potenzjali qed jin\u017cammu milli jg\u0127addu informazzjoni lill-\u0121urnalisti dwar dak kollu li jafu. Jonathan Ferris u Maria Efimova huwa e\u017cempji \u0127ajjin dwar dak li jista\u2019 ji\u0121rilu kull min ja\u017c\u017carda jitkellem mal-\u0121urnalisti dwar in-nuqqasijiet tal-gvern: tke\u010b\u010bijiet illegali, e\u017cilju u xiljiet foloz. Saru wkoll kampanji biex jiskreditaw biex b\u2019hekk ikun diffi\u010bli li wie\u0127ed isib impjieg.<\/p>\n

It-Tlettax-il Punt: Smajt lil Robert Abela dan l-a\u0127\u0127ar ji\u0121\u0121ustifika Ministri tieg\u0127u jag\u0127mlu pubbli\u010bit\u00e0 fuq il-pa\u0121ni tag\u0127hom ta\u2019 Facebook g\u0127ax qal li obbligati li jinfurmaw lill-pubbliku dwar x\u2019qed jag\u0127mel il-gvern. Dan ukoll hu oltra\u0121\u0121 tad-dritt tal-informazzjoni g\u0127ax qed jaqbe\u017c l-iskrutinju u l-mistoqsijiet kriti\u010bi tal-\u0121urnalisti. Il-mezzi so\u010bjali qed jintu\u017caw biex jimmanipulaw lill-utenti: jag\u0127fsu l-buttuni li l-istatistika tg\u0127id li aktarx se jqanqlu emozzjonijiet f\u2019min qed jer\u010bievi l-informazzjoni. U l-emozzjonijiet li jrid jara t-tirann huma l-bi\u017ca\u2019 u r-rabja.<\/p>\n

Insemmi biss kif Robert Abela ftit \u0121img\u0127at ilu indirizza lin-nazzjon ming\u0127ajr \u0121urnalisti fil-kamra u be\u017c\u017ca\u2019 \u2018l kul\u0127add li s-suwed se jmarrduna bil-Covid-19. Il-bi\u017ca\u2019 u r-rabja li \u0127oloq i\u0121\u0121ustifikaw il-ksur tad-drittijiet fundamentali ta\u2019 12-il persuna li l-gvern \u0127allihom imutu, u ta\u2019 57 o\u0127ra li l-gvern bag\u0127thom g\u0127at-tortura u l-istupru istituzzjonalizzat.<\/p>\n

I\u017cda biex seta\u2019 jag\u0127mel hekk kellu wkoll jg\u0127affe\u0121 id-dritt ta\u2019 Repubblika li tesprimi ru\u0127ha, u d-dritt tal-\u0121urnalisti li jikkonfrontawh bil-mistoqsijiet tag\u0127hom.<\/p>\n

U l-erbatax-il ra\u0121uni g\u0127alfejn il-kelma \u0127ielsa f\u2019Malta hi in\u0121azzata: hawn minn fostna, \u0121urnalista spi\u010b\u010bat biex inqatlet.<\/p>\n

L-Istat \u2013 u l-gvern li jmexxih \u2013 hu fid-dmir li j\u0127ares il-libert\u00e0 tal-kelma kif ukoll \u0127ajjet il-\u0121urnalisti. Meta jonqos li jirrikonoxxi dan id-dmir \u2013 aktar u aktar fi\u017c-\u017cmien meta jkun se\u0127\u0127 assassinju ta\u2019 \u0121urnalista \u2013 dan in-nuqqas jidher aktar lampanti mhux biss g\u0127aliex l-istat ikun naqas minn dmiru hekk kif se\u0127\u0127 l-assassinju i\u017cda wkoll g\u0127aliex qed jonqos minn dmiru kull jum li jg\u0127addi li fih jibqa\u2019 ma jirrikonoxxix li dmiru hu li j\u0127ares \u0127ajjet in-nies.<\/p>\n

M\u2019g\u0127andniex xi ng\u0127idu, il-gvern g\u0127amel ag\u0127ar minn hekk. Kien hu li xpruna l-attakk bil-mobilizzazzjoni tat-trolls, bit-tmaqdir, bit-tg\u0127ajjir, bil-gideb, bil-qerq u bl-iskreditar fil-konfront ta\u2019 Daphne Caruana Galizia fuq il-mezzi tax-xandir tal-partit. Il-gvern ra kif g\u0127amel biex jipprova jne\u017c\u017cag\u0127ha minn kull dinjit\u00e0 umana billi j\u010ba\u0127\u0127adha mhux biss mid-dritt g\u0127al-libert\u00e0 tal-kelma i\u017cda sa\u0127ansitra mid-dritt g\u0127all-\u0127ajja.<\/p>\n

Ikun \u017cball jekk na\u0127sbu li l-kelma \u0127ielsa se ji\u0121\u0121ildilna g\u0127aliha l-gvern. A\u0127na rridu nkunu li n\u0127arsuha u a\u0127na n-nies li qed in\u0127alluha titmermer.<\/p>\n

Il-gvern jista\u2019 jirrapre\u017centa lill-\u0121urnalisti b\u0127ala l-eg\u0127dewwa tal-poplu. I\u017cda l-mibg\u0127eda ma tistax ti\u0121i biss g\u0127ax jixtieqha l-gvern. Il-Maltin u l-G\u0127awdxin iridu jifhmu x\u2019qed jitilfu. L-akbar Laburist g\u0127andu jkun irid \u0121urnalisti li jg\u0127idulu x\u2019inhu jag\u0127mel \u0127a\u017cin il-gvern li jappo\u0121\u0121ja. G\u0127andu jkun jaf x\u2019sejjer \u0127a\u017cin biex jesi\u0121i li jsir a\u0127jar. G\u0127ax jaqbel lilu.<\/p>\n

Hu fl-interess tieg\u0127ek li d-drittijiet ta\u2019 \u0127addie\u0127or jit\u0127arsu. Jekk \u0127addie\u0127or jitlef id-drittijiet tieg\u0127u, tkun qed titlef tieg\u0127ek ukoll.<\/p>\n

Imma fis-skiet tal-informazzjoni mistura, u fl-istorbju tal-propaganda, tal-mibg\u0127eda u tal-mobilizzazzjoni parti\u0121\u0121jana, lanqas tkun taf x\u2019\u0127adulek. Lanqas tkun taf xi tlift.<\/p>\n

Kull ma jibqa\u2019 hu r-ri\u0127 ivenven li j\u0121orr id-du\u0127\u0127an u r-ri\u0127a ta\u2019 \u0127ruq. U le\u0127en Matthew Caruana Galizia jg\u0127ajjat \u2018il ommu u ma twe\u0121bux.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dan hu test ta’ pre\u017centazzjoni li tajt il-biera\u0127 waqt webinar organizzat minn Repubblika. Il-Kostituzzjoni ta\u2019 Malta tg\u0127id li \u201c\u0127add ma g\u0127andu ji\u0121i mfixkel fit-tgawdija tal-libert\u00e0 tieg\u0127u ta\u2019 espressjoni, mag\u0127duda libert\u00e0 li jkollu fehmiet ming\u0127ajr ind\u0127il, u libert\u00e0 li jir\u010bievi idejat u tag\u0127rif ming\u0127ajr ind\u0127il.\u201d Dan hu l-artiklu 41 li jitfa\u2019 dawl fuq i\u017c-\u017cew\u0121 na\u0127at tal-libert\u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":90536,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[54],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/manueldelia.com\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90533\/"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/manueldelia.com\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/manueldelia.com\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post\/"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/manueldelia.com\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1\/"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/manueldelia.com\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments\/?post=90533"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/manueldelia.com\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90533\/revisions\/"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":90539,"href":"https:\/\/manueldelia.com\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90533\/revisions\/90539\/"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/manueldelia.com\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/90536\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/manueldelia.com\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/?parent=90533"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/manueldelia.com\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories\/?post=90533"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/manueldelia.com\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags\/?post=90533"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}